Spitfire Mk1 K9789, Sqn Ldr Henry Cozens, No 19 Squadron, Royal Air Force, Duxford, Aug 1938

Supermarine Spitfire 
The Supermarine Spitfire is a British single-seat fighter aircraft used by the Royal Air Force and many other Allied countries through the Second World War. The Spitfire continued to be used into the 1950s both as a front line fighter and in secondary roles. It was produced in greater numbers than any other British aircraft and was the only Allied fighter in production throughout the war.[5]

The Spitfire was designed as a short-range high-performance interceptor aircraft[6] by R. J. Mitchell, chief designer at Supermarine Aviation Works (since 1928 a subsidiary of Vickers-Armstrongs). He continued to refine the design until his death from cancer in 1937, whereupon his colleague Joseph Smith became chief designer.[7] The Spitfire's elliptical wing had a thin cross-section, allowing a higher top speed than the Hawker Hurricane and several contemporary fighters.[8] Speed was seen as essential to carry out the mission of home defence against enemy bombers.[6]

The distinctive silhouette imparted by the wing planform helped the Spitfire to achieve legendary status during the Battle of Britain. Despite a public perception that it was the RAF fighter of the battle, the more numerous Hurricane actually shouldered a greater proportion of the burden against the Luftwaffe.[9]

After the Battle of Britain, the Spitfire became the backbone of RAF Fighter Command and saw action in the European Theatre, Pacific Theatre and the South-East Asian theatre. Much loved by its pilots, the Spitfire saw service in several roles, including interceptor, photo-reconnaissance, fighter-bomber, carrier-based fighter, and trainer; it was built in many different variants, with two different types of engine and several wing configurations.[9]

The Spitfire will always be compared to its main adversary, the Messerschmitt Bf 109; both followed similar design philosophies of marrying a small, streamlined airframe to a powerful liquid-cooled V12 engine.


Spitfire 
Le Supermarine Spitfire (en anglais cracheur de feu) fut l'un des chasseurs monoplaces les plus utilisés par la RAF et par les Alliés pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale.

Les ailes elliptiques du Spitfire lui ont donné une apparence très reconnaissable ; leur section transversale mince lui a donné une vitesse impressionnante ; la conception brillante du concepteur en chef Reginald Mitchell et de ses successeurs (il est mort en 1937), a fait du Spitfire un avion apprécié par les pilotes. Il a servi pendant toute la durée de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, et avec toutes ses variantes a été de tous les combats.

Plus de 20 300 appareils furent construits, et les Spitfire sont restés en service jusque dans les années 1950.